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The Northeast Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Nordeste do Brasil) is one of the five official and political regions of the country according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. For the socio-geographic area see Nordeste (socio-geographic division). Of Brazil's twenty-six states, it comprises nine: Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia, along with the Fernando de Noronha archipelago (formerly a separate territory, now part of Pernambuco).
Northeast Region Região Nordeste | |
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Region | |
Location of Northeast Region in Brazil | |
坐标:12°58′S 38°31′W | |
Country | Brazil |
Largest cities | Recife (by metro pop.) Salvador (by city proper) Fortaleza (by pop. density) |
States | Alagoas、Bahia、Ceará、Maranhão、Paraíba、Pernambuco、Piauí、Rio Grande do Norte、Sergipe |
面积 | |
• Region | 1,558,196 平方公里 (601,623 平方英里) |
面积排名 | 3rd |
人口(2005 census) | |
• Region | 53,081,950人 |
• 排名 | 2nd |
• 密度 | 34.1人/平方公里(88.2人/平方英里) |
• 密度排名 | 3rd |
• 市区 | 71.5% |
GDP | |
• Year | 2014 estimate |
• Total | R$805,099,000,000 (3rd) |
• Per capita | R$14,329.13 (5th) |
HDI | |
• Year | 2010 |
• Category | 0.659 – medium (5th) |
• Life expectancy | 69 years (5th) |
• Infant mortality | 36.9 per 1,000 (1st) |
• Literacy | 79.3% (5th) |
时区 | BRT(UTC-03) |
• 夏时制 | BRST(UTC-02) |
Chiefly known as Nordeste ("Northeast") in Brazil, this region was the first to be discovered and colonized by the Portuguese and other European peoples, playing a crucial role in the country's history. Nordeste's dialects and rich culture, including its folklore, cuisines, music and literature, became the most easily distinguishable across the country. To this day, Nordeste is widely recognized for its history and culture, as well as for its beautiful natural sights and its hot weather.
Nordeste stretches from the Atlantic seaboard in the northeast and southeast, northwest and west to the Amazon Basin and south through the Espinhaço highlands in southern Bahia. It encloses the São Francisco River and drainage basin, which were instrumental in the exploration, settlement and economic development of the region. The region lies entirely within the earth's tropical zone and encompasses Caatinga, Atlantic Forest and part of the Cerrado ecoregions. The climate is hot and semi-arid, varying from xeric in Caatinga, to mesic in Cerrado and hydric in the Atlantic Forest.
The Northeast Region represents 18% of Brazilian territory, has a population of 53.6 million people, 28% of the total population of the country, and contributes 13.4% (2011) of Brazil's GDP. Nearly three quarters of the population live in urban areas clustered along the Atlantic coast[citation needed] and about 15 million people live in the hinterland. It is an impoverished region: 58% of the population lives in poverty, defined as less than.
Each of the states' capitals are also its largest cities, and they include Recife, Salvador, Fortaleza and São Luís, all lying on the Atlantic coast, each with a population above a million inhabitants.