User:Bluedecklibrary/Draft:元素周期表
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{{vfd|廢棄草稿|date=2018/03/20}}
{{About|the table used in chemistry|other uses|Periodic table (disambiguation)}}
{{sidebar periodic table}}
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the 化學元素s, ordered by their 原子序数 (number of 質子s), 电子排布s, and recurring 化学性质. This ordering shows {{tsl|en|periodic trends||}}, such as elements with similar behaviour in the same column. It also shows four rectangular 元素分区s with some approximately similar chemical properties. In general, within one row (period) the elements are 金属s on the left, and 非金属元素 on the right.
The rows of the table are called 元素周期; the columns are called 族 (化学). Six groups have names as well as numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the 卤素s; and group 18, the 稀有气体es. The periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements, and predict the properties of new elements yet to be discovered or synthesized. The periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behaviour, and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
The Russian chemist 德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫 published the first widely recognized periodic table in 1869. He developed his table to illustrate periodic trends in the properties of the then-known elements. Mendeleev also predicted some properties of {{tsl|en|Dmitri Mendeleev's predicted elements||then-unknown elements}} that would be expected to fill gaps in this table. Most of his predictions were proved correct when the elements in question were subsequently discovered. Mendeleev's periodic table has since been expanded and refined with 化學元素發現年表 and the development of new theoretical models to explain chemical behaviour.
All elements from atomic numbers 1 (氢) to 118 (Og) have been discovered or synthesized, with the most recent additions (鉨, 镆, Ts, and Og) being confirmed by the 國際純化學和應用化學聯合會 (IUPAC) in 2015 and officially named in 2016: they complete the first seven rows of the periodic table.[1][2] The first 94 elements exist naturally, although some are found only in trace amounts and were synthesized in laboratories before being found in nature.{{#tag:ref|The elements discovered initially by synthesis and later in nature are technetium (Z=43), promethium (61), astatine (85), neptunium (93), and plutonium (94).|group=n}} Elements with atomic numbers from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors.[3] Synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is being pursued. Numerous synthetic 放射性同位素s of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories.