1991年伊拉克起義是由伊拉克什叶派和库尔德人发动的反抗萨达姆的民族和宗教起义,此次起义发生于1991年3月至4月。当时,伊拉克因两伊战争和第一次海湾战争受挫。最终伊拉克政府获得胜利,但库尔德人建立了自治区并促使联军在伊拉克设置了禁飞区。[10]
事实速览 1991 Iraqi uprisings, 日期 ...
1991 Iraqi uprisings |
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the aftermath of the Gulf War的一部分 |
An Iraqi government tank disabled by rebels |
日期 | 1 March – 5 April 1991 |
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地点 | Iraq |
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结果 |
Indecisive
- Government victory against Shias
- Iraqi military victory against Kurds[3]
- Major Kurdish political victory in the north and minor military victory [4][a]
- Mass reprisals against the population and the exodus of 1.8 million refugees from the country
- Continued conflict in the rural south until 1994
- Accelerated destruction of the Tigris-Euphrates marshes by Iraqi government
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领土变更 |
Establishment of the Kurdistan Autonomous Republic, as well as the Iraqi no-fly zones |
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参战方 |
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Government
- Ba'ath Party
- Iraqi Army
- Republican Guard
- Special Republican Guard (Iraq)
- Popular Army
- General Security
- Intelligence Service
- Special Security
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Shia and leftist opposition:
- SCIRI/Badr Brigades
- Dawa
- Communist Party
- Pro-Syrian Ba'athists
- Army and militia deserters / defectors
Kurdish rebels:
Peshmerga:
- KDP
- PUK
- Kurdish mujahideen
- CPK
- PDKI
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Support: MEK |
Support: 美国[1] 伊朗[2] 叙利亚 |
指挥官与领导者 |
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Saddam Hussein (Commander-in-Chief) Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Hussein Kamel Ali Hassan al-Majid Taha Yasin Tariq Aziz Qusay Hussein |
Mohammad Baqir (Commander-in-Chief) Abdul Aziz al-Hakim Hadi al-Amiri Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Massoud Barzani Jalal Talabani |
兵力 |
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约300,000[5] |
约59,000–107,000
- SCIRI:
约40,000–50,000[5]
- KDP:
约15,000–45,000[5]
- PUK:
约4,000–12,000[5]
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伤亡与损失 |
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约5,000 killed or captured[6] |
约25,000–180,000 killed (mostly civilians)[7][8][9] |
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