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As 100 espécies mais ameaçadas do mundo (do inglês: The World's 100 most threatened species)[1] é uma compilação das espécies de animais, plantas e fungos mais ameaçadas no mundo. Ela é o resultado da colaboração entre mais de 8000 cientistas da International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC), em conjunto com a Zoological Society of London.[2] O relatório foi publicado pela Zoological Society of London em 2012 no formato de um livro, Priceless or Worthless?[3]
While all the species on the list are threatened with extinction, the scientists who chose them had another criterion: all the species have no obvious benefit for humans and therefore have no vested interests trying to save them. Iconic and charismatic species, such as tigers and pandas—along with economically important species—have many defenders, while these apparently "worthless" species had none. The title of the report, "Priceless or Worthless?", is based on that shared quality of the species.[4] The report's co-author, Ellen Butcher, stated one of the guiding principles of the list, "If we take immediate action we can give them a fighting chance for survival. But this requires society to support the moral and ethical position that all species have an inherent right to exist."[1][5]
The report was released in Jeju, South Korea, on September 11, 2012, at the quadrennial meeting of IUCN, the World Conservation Congress. At the Congress, it was reported that scientists are finding it more and more common to have to justify funding for protection of species by showing what the human benefits would be. Jonathan Baillie, of the Zoological Society of London and co-author of the report, stated that, "The donor community and conservation movement are increasingly leaning towards a 'what can nature do for us?' approach, where species and wild habitats are valued and prioritised according to these services they provided for people. This has made it increasingly difficult for conservationists to protect the most threatened species on the planet."[4]