ទំព័រគំរូ:Taxobox
វិគីភីឌា ទំព័រគំរូ / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For extant taxa that continue into the present day, the ending period should be set to "Recent" or as "Holocene" for Late Quaternary extinctions such as the Moa, and the current status should be indicated using the status argument.
This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. Use common sense in applying it; it will have occasional exceptions. Please ensure that any edits to this page reflect consensus. |
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This template employs intricate features of template syntax.
You are encouraged to familiarise yourself with its setup and parser functions before editing the template. If your edit causes unexpected problems, please undo it quickly, as this template may appear on a large number of pages. Remember that you can conduct experiments, and should test all improvements, in either the general Template sandbox or your user space before changing anything here. |
This template sets up a {{taxobox}}, a table setting out the Biological classification (taxonomy) for a group of living things with a choice of over 160 parameters. Although the implementation is complicated, it is relatively simple to use. For an example in practice, look at the edit page of "Killer whale" – . Most parameters are optional, so if a particular entry is not relevant for your case, just leave it out. See "All parameters" for a complete list.
This guide has come out of WikiProject Tree of life.
Usage
{{Taxobox | name = | image = | image_width = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image2 = | image2_width = | image2_alt = | image2_caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae (or...) | divisio = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial_authority = | range_map = <!--optional map - also range_map2, 3 or 4 --> | range_map_width = | range_map_alt = | range_map_caption = | <!--or 115 other parameters--> }}
Colors are automatically assigned based on the table below.
សត្វ | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
---|---|---|
អាឃៀ | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | រួមទាំង ណាណូអាឃីអូតា (ណាណារឃីអូតា), កូរ៉ាឃីអូតា, តូម៉ាឃីអូតា, ឃ្រីណាឃីអូតា និងអ៊ឺរៀឃីអូតា |
អាខេប្លាស្ទីដា | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | also Plantae and Viridiplantae |
បាក់តេរី | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
អ៊ីការីយ៉ូតា | rgb(245,215,255) | For eukaryotes with no other colour defined, including Excavata, Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta |
Fungi | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
អ៊ីចណូតាសា | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
incertae sedis | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
SAR | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | also Chromalveolata |
Ootaxa | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
វីរុស | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | also Viroids |
Quick start and examples
Animals
Animal species
{{Taxobox | name = | image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial_authority = }}
Animal higher taxon
{{Taxobox | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | genus_authority = | subdivision_ranks = | subdivision = }}
Plants
The majority of plants are angiosperms ("flowering plants"). Wikipedia:Wikiproject Plants consensus is to use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III classification system for angiosperms. The APG III system does not have formally named divisions or classes, but includes several hierarchically nested, informally named clades. The hierarchy of informally named clades is presented by using parameters such as |unranked_divisio=
in place of formal rank parameters. Articles on non-flowering plants (e.g. conifers, ferns) should continue to use formal divisions and classes in the Taxobox.
Flowering plant species
{{Taxobox | name = | image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = | unranked_ordo = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial_authority = }}
Flowering plant higher taxon
{{Taxobox | image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = | unranked_ordo = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | genus_authority = | subdivision_ranks = | subdivision = }}
Parameters
Name
For plants, see Wikipedia:Naming conventions (flora).
For all other living things, the name should be the most common vernacular name when one is in widespread use, and a scientific name otherwise.
- Common names of higher taxa are always given in sentence case and in the plural (e.g. Marine hatchetfishes).
- Common names of species and subspecies are sometimes given in title case (e.g. White Wagtail), and sometimes in sentence case (e.g. Colorado potato beetle).
The name parameter should not be used to incorporate more than one name, e.g. a situation where both the scientific name and vernacular were to be displayed (example at Sunflower). It is only a header and not meant to be an inclusive "names" field. One will suffice.
Color
The color is automatically assigned based on the entry for |regnum=
, |virus_group=
. |unranked_phylum=
or |phylum=
, in that order; there is no need to specify it manually. If you do, be sure to use rgb or hsl format; see examples below.
សត្វ | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
---|---|---|
អាឃៀ | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | រួមទាំង ណាណូអាឃីអូតា (ណាណារឃីអូតា), កូរ៉ាឃីអូតា, តូម៉ាឃីអូតា, ឃ្រីណាឃីអូតា និងអ៊ឺរៀឃីអូតា |
អាខេប្លាស្ទីដា | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | also Plantae and Viridiplantae |
បាក់តេរី | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
អ៊ីការីយ៉ូតា | rgb(245,215,255) | For eukaryotes with no other colour defined, including Excavata, Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta |
Fungi | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
អ៊ីចណូតាសា | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
incertae sedis | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
SAR | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | also Chromalveolata |
Ootaxa | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | |
វីរុស | transparent; text-align:center; border: 1px solid red | also Viroids |
The eukaryote box uses the color "rgb(224, 208, 176)", but since it is split completely into kingdoms other eukaryote groups should not.
Classification
As noted above, the classification section includes some or all of the following:
| regnum = | phylum = | classis = | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species =
Each entry corresponds to a containing group, except for the last, which should be the group under consideration. Note the entries use the Latin names for the ranks, to make porting between Wikipedias easier. Thus the above correspond to the kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Red wood ant | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
រជ្ជៈ: | |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
លំដាប់: | Hymenoptera |
អំបូរ: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Formicini |
Genus: | Formica |
ប្រភេទ: | F. rufa |
Binomial name | |
Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761 | |
Taxoboxes should include all major ranks above the taxon described in the article, plus minor ranks that are important to understanding the classification of the taxon described in the article, or which are discussed in the article. Other minor ranks should be omitted.
For example, in the taxobox for the genus Formica, it's appropriate to include entries for tribe and subfamily, since those are an aid to understanding how Formica relates to other genera in the family Formicidae. But it wouldn't be appropriate to include the superorder Endopterygota, since all genera of ants are in that superorder; it isn't particularly interesting at this level.
Another example is the subfamily Bambusoideae, the bamboos. This subfamily probably should be mentioned in the taxobox of every bamboo species, since it is a major grouping in this context, despite its minor rank.
Minor ranks are included in the same way as major ranks, for example:
| classis = ... | subclassis = ... | superordo = ... | ordo = ...
Note that species and subspecies should be given using the abbreviated forms of their name — e.g. H. sapiens, H. s. sapiens. The epithets should not be given by themselves. The full form of the species or subspecies name is given in the binomial or trinomial section.
See #All parameters for a complete list.
Classification status
With the|classification_status=
parameter, it is possible to introduce extra text within parentheses after "Scientific classification". For example, |classification_status=disputedwill produce "Scientific classification (disputed)". See Veratalpa for a current example where this parameter is used. This parameter should only be used when the "Scientific classification" text would be misleading without it.
Divisions and sections
These ranks have different meanings in zoology and botany.
In botany:
- Use divisio for division (a rank above class and below kingdom)
- Use sectio for section (a rank above species and below genus)
Note: Certain very large genera, e.g. Rhododendron include subsections
In zoology:
- Use zoodivisio for division (a rank above family and below order)
- Use zoosectio for section (a rank above family and below order)
Unranked taxa
For each major taxon from family to phylum, you can add an unranked entry to the taxobox. The entry unranked_X appears above rank X, for example unranked_superfamilia appears above family and superfamily and below order, suborder, infraorder, etc:
| ordo = | unranked_superfamilia = | familia =
For animals and non-flowering plants, use unranked taxa sparingly. The need to include unranked taxa generally indicates that you are following phylogenetic nomenclature. It is usually better to abbreviate the classification to the major ranks and then discuss the classification in more detail in the article.
Unranked taxa of flowering plants
Flowering plants (angiosperms) make frequent use of unranked taxa. The APG III system of classification used for flowering plants on Wikipedia does not have formally named ranks above order - e.g divisions, classes, subclasses - but includes several hierarchically nested, informally named and unranked clades. For flowering plants the taxobox should include |unranked_divisio=Angiosperms
in place of |divisio=
, |unranked_classis=
in place of |classis=
, and possibly also |unranked_subclassis=
in place of |subclassis=
. Flowering plant taxoboxes may often include three to four informal hierarchical groups above the rank of order, making the use of |unranked_ordo=
necessary, which sorts itself just above |ordo=
where a formally named order is displayed. The unranked parameters only include ranks in their parameter names, such as "unranked_divisio" to allow the editor to place content hierarchically; no approximation of rank is intended by the use of these parameter names. For flowering plant articles using the APG III system of classification, the regular parameters including |divisio=
, |classis=
, and |subclassis=
should not be used or it will display between these unranked APG III clades.
To comply with #Classification above and its advice on the inclusion of major ranks, the following are considered major ranks in APG III and currently included in the appropriate flowering plant taxoboxes:
- Angiosperms
- Magnoliids
- Monocots
- Commelinids
- Eudicots
- Core eudicots (displayed as a major rank when the plant is not included further nested in rosids or asterids)
- Rosids
- Asterids
- Core eudicots (displayed as a major rank when the plant is not included further nested in rosids or asterids)
Note: The rosids contain two clades, the fabids (also known as eurosids I) and malvids (also known as eurosids II), and the asterids contain two further clades, the lamiids (euasterids I) and campanulids (euasterids II). These are considered to be minor ranks and are only to be displayed on the articles on orders or families they immediately contain.
A taxobox for a flowering plant will thus generally include the following parameters:
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] | unranked_classis = | unranked_ordo = | ordo =
Viruses
Viruses follow a slightly different system. They are not placed in taxa above the rank of order, and instead are treated in seven groups based on the type of nucleic acid they contain, referred to by the Roman numerals I to VII. These can be included in the taxobox using the virus_group argument. This also changes the link from scientific to virus classification, so it should not appear on boxes for non-viruses, even if it is left blank.
| virus_group = IV
Bold/italic markup
Italicization must be done manually in all parameters. If the entry for genus or species (with manually added italics) matches the page title,[note 1] then the name of the taxobox and the title of the page will be italicized. Note that if the |name=
parameter is used the page title will not be automatically italicized. The taxobox's name will be set to exactly what is specified in |name=
– italics must be specified manually in this case.
Genus, species, and subspecies should be italicized whenever used, as is the biological standard. For instance, we talk about the genus Homo, the species Homo sapiens, and the subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens.
- In botany, it is important to include the rank for taxa below species. The rank is not italicized, e.g. Genus species subsp. subspecies var. variety.
- Some bacteria that have been characterized but not formally named are given Candidatus names. These should be written in the form Candidatus Genus species, rather than italicized normally.
Higher taxa like families may or may not be italicized in different publications. The prevalent standard for Wikipedia is not to italicize them, except in the case of viruses and other infectious particles.
Bolding is used to indicate the subject of the article. The name, binomial, and trinomial arguments bold automatically. In the placement section – regnum through species – the final taxon should be bolded, as well as any higher groups that only include the final taxon. See green sulfur bacteria for an example.
Subdivisions
Nettle | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
រជ្ជៈ: | Plantae |
(អឋានន្តរ): | Angiosperms |
(អឋានន្តរ): | Eudicots |
(អឋានន្តរ): | Rosids |
លំដាប់: | Rosales |
អំបូរ: | Urticaceae |
Genus: | Urtica L. |
Species | |
|
Groups above the rank of species (and even species if there are several notable subspecies) should usually include a list of subgroups. Use the subdivision argument for the list, separating elements by <br> tags, and the subdivision_ranks argument to say what rank the subgroups have. For instance, for families in an order:
| subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = [[Family1]]<br> [[Family2]]<br> [[Family3]]
The templates Template:Species list and Template:Taxon list (and their variants) can help to generate these lists.
For lists with more than a few subgroups, the list can be bracketed with {{div col}} and {{div col end}}, which will split the list into two columns (see Nettle example at right). In cases where a list would make the taxobox too long, or where the classification is too variable to allow a brief summary, the list should be replaced with a comment like "See text" or the subdivision section should be omitted. As a rule of thumb, when there are more than 100 subgroups the list should be in a separate article.
In cases where the classification is variable, a description like "Typical orders" or "Notable orders" may be used.
In cases where the ranks are uncertain, a description like "Subgroups" or "Taxa" may be preferable. Sometimes it is convenient to represent more than one level of classification in the list. In that case the lower level groups are moved over to the right by prefixing them with characters – usually three for the first level of indentation, and then one to three more for each subsequent level. Major grades may also be represented by bolded headers, as on plant and heterokont. Remember, though, these should mainly be done when the intermediate rank subgroups are not worthy of separate articles; taxoboxes are too small to include too much duplicate information.
Conservation status
Conservation status may optionally be included; you can search the IUCN's database of threatened species to find the conservation status of many organisms. It is included via the status argument, which takes a code or template. It is not appropriate for prehistoric organisms – the fossil_range
parameter may be a more sensible option.
|status = code
|status_system = classification system (see below))
– required|status_ref =
– optional<ref>...</ref>
|extinct = year of extinction
– optional (only use if|status = EX
and year of extinction is known).
Use the above syntax, choosing one of the status codes from the code list below. The code may be all upper or lower case, but the cases used in the table are preferred.
The following status codes are available (the third column shows the category that is automatically added to the article):
Status (as shown in taxobox) | Code | Category assigned |
---|---|---|
Secure | secure[IUCN 1] | |
Domesticated | DOM[IUCN 1] | Domesticated animals |
Least Concern (LC) | LC | |
Least Concern (LR/lc) | LR/lc | |
Near Threatened (NT) | NT | |
Near Threatened (LC/nt) | LR/nt | |
Conservation Dependent (LR/cd) | LR/cd | |
Vulnerable (VU) | VU | |
Endangered (EN) | EN | Endangered species |
Critically Endangered | CR | Critically endangered species |
Critically Endangered (CR), possibly extinct | PE | Critically endangered species |
Extinct in the wild (EW) | EW | Species extinct in the wild |
Extinct | EX | |
Data deficient (DD) | DD | |
Not evaluated (NE) | NE | |
Fossil | fossil[IUCN 1][IUCN 2] | |
Prehistoric | pre[IUCN 1] | |
See text | See text[IUCN 1] | |
Lower Risk |
- Notes
- This is not a valid IUCN Red List category
|status=fossil
is deprecated in favour of|fossil_range=
{{fossil range}}
(see the #Fossil range section below).- LR is deprecated; use LR/lc or LR/nt or LR/cd instead.
System
The criteria used by the IUCN should also be specified: (case-sensitive)
| status_system = iucn3.1 or | status_system = iucn2.3 <!-- deprecated for new boxes, although some taxoboxes still exist and are supported for this version -->
This parameter is required in order to display the proper conservation status graphic. Failure to use this parameter will result in no graphic appearing.
Other systems are listed at Wikipedia:Conservation status.
Referencing conservation status
To add a reference for the status, use
|status_ref=<ref>{{IUCN2012.2|...}}
</ref>
See {{IUCN2012.2}} or {{IUCN}} for the arguments you need to supply to that template. And don't forget that <ref>...</ref>
requires a corresponding <references/> in the References section.
Fossil range
The stratigraphic range for groups known as fossils may also be included, using the fossil_range argument. For instance, for a group known from the Cambrian to the Permian:
|fossil_range = [[Cambrian]]–[[Permian]]
You may wish to add a diagrammatic representation of the fossil range (as shown below), which can be created using the {{Fossil range}} template, for example:
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Cambrian|Permian}}
or
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|542|250}} [[Cambrian]]–[[Permian]]
For groups that only existed during a single period, simply list it without giving a range: e.g.:
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Silurian}}