Pengguna:Hanif Al Husaini/Bak pasir/Soeharto
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Soeharto (Javanese: ꦯꦸꦲꦂꦠ ;[2] Gêdrìk: Suhartå; Ejaan yang Disempurnakan: Suharto; pronunciationⓘ; 8 Juni 1921 – 27 Januari 2008) adalah Presiden Indonesia, menjabat selama 31 tahun sejak ousting of Sukarno pada tahun 1967 sampai mengundurkan diri pada tahun 1998.
His Excellency Soeharto | |
---|---|
President of Indonesia 2nd | |
Masa jabatan 12 March 1967 – 21 May 1998 Acting to 27 March 1968 | |
Wakil Presiden | Hamengkubuwono IX Adam Malik Umar Wirahadikusumah Sudharmono Try Sutrisno B. J. Habibie |
16th Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement | |
Masa jabatan 7 September 1992 – 20 October 1995 | |
4th Indonesian Armed Forces Commander | |
Masa jabatan 1969–1973 | |
8th Indonesian Army Chief of Staff | |
Masa jabatan 1965–1967 | |
Pendahulu Pranoto Reksosamudra | |
Minister of Defence and Security of Indonesia 14th | |
Masa jabatan March 1966 – September 1971 | |
Presiden | Sukarno Himself |
Pendahulu M. Sarbini | |
1st Armed Force and Strategic Reserve (KOSTRAD) Commander | |
Masa jabatan 1961–1965 | |
Pendahulu Position created | |
Informasi pribadi | |
Lahir | (1921-06-08)8 Juni 1921 Kemusuk, Dutch East Indies |
Meninggal | 27 Januari 2008(2008-01-27) (umur 86) Jakarta, Indonesia |
Kebangsaan | Indonesian |
Partai politik | Golkar |
Suami/istri | Siti Hartinah (m. 1947–1996; kematiannya) |
Anak | Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana (Tutut)[1] Sigit Harjojudanto Bambang Trihatmodjo Siti Hediati Hariyadi (Titiek) Hutomo Mandala Putra (Tommy) Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih |
Tanda tangan | |
Karier militer | |
Pihak | Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia |
Dinas/cabang | Indonesian Army |
Pangkat | TNI Great General |
Sunting kotak info • L • B | |
Suharto was born in a small village, Kemusuk, in the Godean area near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era.[3] He grew up in humble circumstances.[4] His Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he was passed between foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Suharto served in Japanese-organised Indonesian security forces. Indonesia's independence struggle saw him joining the newly formed Indonesian army. Suharto rose to the rank of Major General following Indonesian independence. An attempted coup on 30 September 1965 was countered by Suharto-led troops and was blamed on the Indonesian Communist Party.[5] The army subsequently led an anti-communist purge which the CIA described as "one of the worst mass murders of the 20th century"[6] and Suharto wrested power from Indonesia's founding president, Sukarno. He was appointed acting president in 1967 and President the following year. Support for Suharto's presidency was strong throughout the 1970s and 1980s but eroded following a severe financial crisis that led to widespread unrest and his resignation in May 1998. Suharto died in 2008.
The legacy of Suharto's 31-year rule is debated both in Indonesia and abroad. Under his "New Order" administration, Suharto constructed a strong, centralised and military-dominated government. An ability to maintain stability over a sprawling and diverse Indonesia and an avowedly anti-Communist stance won him the economic and diplomatic support of the West during the Cold War. For most of his presidency, Indonesia experienced significant economic growth and industrialisation,[7] dramatically improving health, education and living standards.[8] Indonesia's invasion and occupation of East Timor during Suharto's presidency resulted in at least 100,000 deaths.[9] By the 1990s, the New Order's authoritarianism and widespread corruption[10] were a source of discontent.
According to Transparency International, Suharto is the most corrupt leader in modern history, having embezzled an alleged $15–35 billion during his rule.[11] In the years after his presidency, attempts to try him on charges of corruption and genocide failed because of his poor health and because of lack of support within Indonesia.