Molière
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Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (lafazin French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist pɔklɛ̃], [pɔkəlɛ̃]; 15 ga watan Janairu 1622 (baptised) – 17 ga watan Fabrairu 1673), wanda kuma akafi sani da sunansa na mataki Molière (UK:/ˈmɒliɛər, ˈmoʊl-/,US:/moʊlˈjər,ˌmoʊli ˈər/, French: [mɔljɛʁ), marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne na Faransa, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mawaƙi, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin a ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubuta a cikin yaren Faransanci da adabin duniya. Ayyukansa na baya sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo, tragicmmedies, faces, comedie-balets, da sauransu. An fassara wasan kwaikwayonsa zuwa kowane babban harshe mai rai kuma ana yin su a Comedie-Française fiye da na kowane marubucin wasan kwaikwayo a yau. [1] Tasirinsa ya kai har ana kiran harshen Faransanci a matsayin "harshen Molière".
Molière | |
---|---|
Rayuwa | |
Cikakken suna | Jean-Baptiste Poquelin |
Haihuwa | Faris, 15 ga Janairu, 1622 |
ƙasa | Kingdom of France (en) |
Harshen uwa | Faransanci |
Mutuwa | Faris, 17 ga Faburairu, 1673 |
Makwanci |
Père Lachaise Cemetery (en) Cimetière Saint-Joseph de Paris (en) Museum of French Monuments (en) Molière's tomb (en) |
Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (Tarin fuka) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | Jean Poquelin |
Abokiyar zama | Armande Béjart (en) (20 ga Faburairu, 1662 - 17 ga Faburairu, 1673) |
Ma'aurata | Madeleine Béjart (en) |
Yara | |
Karatu | |
Makaranta |
Lycée Louis-le-Grand (en) Q23197733 |
Harsuna | Faransanci |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | marubucin wasannin kwaykwayo, stage actor (en) , maiwaƙe, satirist (en) , mai bada umurni na gidan wasan kwaykwayo, gwanin wasan kwaykwayo, marubuci da theatre manager (en) |
Muhimman ayyuka |
Scapin the Schemer (en) Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (en) The Imaginary Invalid (en) The Misanthrope (en) Tartuffe (en) Dom Juan (en) The School for Wives (en) The Imaginary Cuckold (en) Psyché (en) Pastorale comique (en) Mélicerte (en) Monsieur de Pourceaugnac (en) The Blunderer, or the Counterplots (en) The School for Husbands (en) L'Impromptu de Versailles (en) The Miser (en) L'Amour médecin (en) Les Précieuses ridicules (en) Les Fâcheux (en) Les Femmes Savantes (en) Les amants magnifiques (en) Le Sicilien ou l'Amour peintre (en) Le Médecin volant (en) Le Médecin malgré lui (en) Marriage by Compulsion (en) Lovers' quarrels (en) Princess of Elis (en) La jalousie du barbouillé (en) |
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Plautus (en) da commedia dell'arte (en) |
Fafutuka | classicism (en) |
Sunan mahaifi | Molière |
Artistic movement |
barkwanci farce (en) |
IMDb | nm0596942 |
An haife shi a cikin dangi mai wadata kuma ya yi karatu a Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand ), Molière ya dace da fara rayuwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Shekaru goma sha uku a matsayin ɗan wasan tafiye-tafiye ya taimaka masa ya goge kwarewarsa ta ban dariya yayin da ya fara rubutu, yana haɗa abubuwan Commedia dell'arte tare da ingantaccen wasan barkwanci na Faransa. [2]
Ta hanyar taimakon manyan ’yan kasuwa da suka hada da Philippe I, Duke na Orléans—ɗan’uwan Louis XIV—Molière ya ba da umarni a gaban Sarki a Louvre. Yin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Pierre Corneille da farce na kansa, The Doctor in Love, Molière an ba shi damar yin amfani da salle du Petit-Bourbon kusa da Louvre, ɗakin daki mai faɗi da aka nada don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya, an ba shi damar yin amfani da gidan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Palais-Royal. A cikin wurare biyu, Molière ya sami nasara a tsakanin 'yan Parisiya tare da wasanni irin su 'yan matan da suka shafa, Makarantar Maza, da Makarantar Mata. Wannan tagomashin sarauta ya kawo fensho na sarauta ga ƙungiyarsa da take Troupe du Roi ("Kungiyar Sarki"). Molière ya ci gaba a matsayin mawallafin nishaɗin kotu. [3]
Duk da sha'awar kotu da 'yan Parisiya, Molière's satires sun jawo zargi daga wasu da'irori. Don rashin adalcin Tartuffe, Cocin Katolika a Faransa ta yi Allah wadai da wannan binciken na munafunci na addini, wanda majalisar dokokin ta hana shi, yayin da aka janye Don Juan kuma Molière bai sake dawo da shi ba. Ayyukansa mai wuyar gaske a cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa sun yi tasiri ga lafiyarsa kuma, a shekara ta 1667, an tilasta masa ya huta daga matakin. A cikin karni na 1673, a lokacin da ake samar da wasansa na ƙarshe, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, wanda ke fama da tarin fuka, an kama shi ta hanyar tari da kuma zubar da jini yayin wasa da hypochondriac Argan. Ya gama wasan amma ya sake rugujewa ya mutu bayan ‘yan sa’o’i. [3]