Usuario:Kst1712/Taller
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Campos de exterminio nazis | ||
---|---|---|
Entrada principal de Auschwitz-Birkenau. | ||
Ubicación | Europa ocupada por la Alemania nazi | |
Fecha | Segunda Guerra Mundial | |
Contexto | Holocausto | |
Perpetradores | SS y colaboradores | |
Organizaciones | SS-Totenkopfverbände | |
Campo | Chełmno, Bełżec, Sobibor, Treblinka II, Auschwitz-Birkenau y Majdanek | |
Cifra de víctimas | Más de 3 millones[1][2][3] | |
Los campos de exterminio (en alemán: Vernichtungslagern; también denominados campos de la muerte o centros de exterminio) fueron las instalaciones que construyó la Alemania nazi durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial para el asesinato en masa y sistemático de personas.[4] Si bien las principales víctimas fueron los judíos,[4] también fueron asesinados en ellos polacos, prisioneros de guerra soviéticos y roma.[4] El método más utilizado era la muerte por gaseamiento, bien en instalaciones permanentes construidas específicamente para este propósito, o bien mediante camiones (Gaswagen).[5][6] En algunos campos, tales como Auschwitz o Majdanek, además del exterminio por gas venenoso se emplearon también los trabajos forzados.[7][8]
Others were murdered at the death camps as well, including Poles, Soviet POWs, and Roma. The victims of death camps were primarily killed by gassing, either in permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose, or by means of gas vans.[9] Some Nazi camps, such as Auschwitz and Majdanek, served a dual purpose before the end of the war in 1945: extermination by poison gas, but also through extreme work under starvation conditions.[9][10]
The idea of mass extermination with the use of stationary facilities to which the victims were taken by train, was the result of earlier Nazi experimentation with chemically manufactured poison gas during the secretive Aktion T4 euthanasia programme against hospital patients with mental and physical disabilities.[11][lower-alpha 1]
The technology was adapted, expanded, and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups; the Jews were the primary target, accounting for over 90 percent of the extermination camp death toll.[12] The genocide of the Jews of Europe was the Third Reich's "Final Solution to the Jewish question".[13] It is now collectively known as the Holocaust, during which 11 million others were also murdered. [9][14]
Extermination camps were also set up by the fascist Ustaše regime of the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state of Germany, which carried out genocide between 1941 and 1945 against Serbs, Jews, Roma and its Croat and Bosniak Muslim political opponents.[15]