Yehud Medinata
Province of the Achaemenid Empire / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Yehud Medinata,[1][2][3][4][5] also called Yehud Medinta[lower-alpha 1] or simply Yehud, was an autonomous administrative division of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. It constituted a part of Eber-Nari and was bounded by Arabia to the south, lying along the frontier of the two satrapies. Spanning most of Judea—from the Shephelah in the west to the Dead Sea in the east—it was one of several Persian provinces in Palestine, together with Moab, Ammon, Gilead, Samaria, Ashdod, and Idumea, among others.[10] It existed for just over two centuries before the Greek conquest of Persia resulted in it being incorporated into the Hellenistic empires.
Province of Judah Yêhūd Mêdīnāta (Aramaic) | |||||||||
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c. 539 BCE–c. 332 BCE | |||||||||
Standard of Cyrus the Great | |||||||||
Status | Province of the Achaemenid Persian Empire | ||||||||
Capital | Jerusalem 31°47′N 35°13′E | ||||||||
Common languages | Aramaic, Hebrew, Old Persian | ||||||||
Religion | Judaism, Samaritanism | ||||||||
Demonym(s) | Jewish, Judean, Judahite, or Israelite | ||||||||
Historical era | Axial Age | ||||||||
c. 539 BCE | |||||||||
539 BCE | |||||||||
538 BCE | |||||||||
538 BCE | |||||||||
• Construction of the Second Jewish Temple in Jerusalem | 520–515 BCE | ||||||||
c. 332 BCE | |||||||||
Currency | |||||||||
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Today part of |
Following the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE, the Persian province of Yehud was established to absorb the Babylonian province of Yehud, which, in turn, had been established to absorb the Kingdom of Judah after the Jewish–Babylonian War. Upon the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, the Persian king Cyrus the Great issued the so-called Edict of Cyrus, which is described in the Hebrew Bible as his authorization and encouragement of the return to Zion, thereby ending the Babylonian captivity. The Persian province's overall population is gauged as having been considerably smaller than that of the fallen Israelite kingdom. The name "Yehud Medinata" is originally Aramaic and was first introduced after the Babylonian conquest of Judah.[1]
The Persian period marked the start of the Second Temple period in Jewish history. Jews returnees have come from various areas of the empire. Governor Zerubabel, who led the first returnees, laid the foundation of the Second Temple. Leaders such as Ezra and Nehemiah followed, and their efforts to rebuild Jewish life in Judah are chronicled in biblical books named after them. Another significant Persian period achievement was the canonization of the Torah, traditionally credited to Ezra. This process played an important role in shaping Jewish identity and had a lasting impact on Western civilization.[11]