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Not to be confused with Roman Empire.
Quick Facts Holy Roman EmpireSacrum Romanum Imperium, Capital ...
Holy Roman Empire Sacrum Romanum Imperium | |||||||||||||||
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962–1806 | |||||||||||||||
Anthem: officially none, de facto Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser (after 1797) "God Save Emperor Francis" | |||||||||||||||
Capital | No official capital, various imperial seats[lower-alpha 1] | ||||||||||||||
Common languages | Various[lower-alpha 2] | ||||||||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism[lower-alpha 3] Protestantism[lower-alpha 4] | ||||||||||||||
Government | Elective monarchy | ||||||||||||||
Emperor | |||||||||||||||
• 962–973 | Otto I (first) | ||||||||||||||
• 1792–1806 | Francis II (last) | ||||||||||||||
Legislature | Imperial Diet | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern period | ||||||||||||||
2 February 962 | |||||||||||||||
2 February 1033 | |||||||||||||||
25 September 1555 | |||||||||||||||
24 October 1648 | |||||||||||||||
2 December 1805 | |||||||||||||||
• Francis II abdicated | 6 August 1806 | ||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||
• 1200 | 5,000,000[1] | ||||||||||||||
• 1500 | 16,000,000[2][3] | ||||||||||||||
• 1618 | 21,000,000[4] | ||||||||||||||
• 1648 | 16,000,000[4] | ||||||||||||||
• 1786 | 26,265,000[5] | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of |
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- The Empire had no official capital, though there were a number of imperial seat cities, which varied throughout history: e.g. Vienna (Continuous Imperial Residenz City, 1483–1806), Regensburg (Eternal Diet, 1663–1806) and Prague (1346–1437, 1583–1611)
- Lutheranism was officially recognized in the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, and Calvinism in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. Those two constituted the only officially recognized Protestant denominations, while various other Protestant confessions such as Anabaptism, Arminianism, etc. coexisted illegally within the Empire.
- "Atlas of Europe in the Middle Ages", Ostrovski, Rome, 1998, page 70