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2014 revolution in Ukraine / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Ukrainian Revolution of 2014, also known as the Revolution of Dignity or the Maidan Revolution,[2] took place in Ukraine in February 2014[2][1] at the end of the Euromaidan protests,[1] when deadly clashes between protesters and state forces in the capital Kyiv culminated in the ousting of elected President Viktor Yanukovych and a return to the 2004 Constitution. It also led to the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[1][2]
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Ukrainian Revolution of 2014 | |||
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Part of Euromaidan | |||
Date | 18–23 February 2014[1][2] (5 days) | ||
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Goals |
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Methods | Protesting, rioting, civil disobedience, insurrection | ||
Resulted in | Euromaidan / opposition victory
Full results
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In November 2013, a wave of large-scale protests (known as Euromaidan) began in response to President Yanukovych's sudden decision not to sign a political association and free trade agreement with the European Union (EU), instead choosing closer ties to Russia. Earlier that year, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) had overwhelmingly approved finalizing the agreement with the EU.[26] Russia had put pressure on Ukraine to reject it.[27] The scope of the protests widened, with calls for the resignation of Yanukovych and the Azarov government.[28] Protesters opposed what they saw as widespread government corruption and abuse of power, the influence of oligarchs, police brutality, and human rights violations.[29][30] Repressive anti-protest laws fuelled further anger.[29] A large, barricaded protest camp occupied Independence Square in central Kyiv throughout the 'Maidan Uprising'.
In January and February 2014, clashes in Kyiv between protesters and Berkut special riot police resulted in the deaths of 108 protesters and 13 police officers,[20] and the wounding of many others. The first protesters were killed in fierce clashes with police on Hrushevsky Street on 19–22 January. Following this, protesters occupied government buildings throughout the country, and the Azarov government resigned. The deadliest clashes were on 18–20 February, which saw the most severe violence in Ukraine since it regained independence.[31] Thousands of protesters advanced towards parliament, led by activists with shields and helmets, and were fired on by police snipers.[20] On 21 February, Yanukovych and the parliamentary opposition signed an agreement to bring about an interim unity government, constitutional reforms and early elections.[32] Police abandoned central Kyiv that afternoon and the protesters took control. Yanukovych fled the city that evening.[33]
The next day, 22 February, the Ukrainian parliament voted to remove Yanukovych from office by 328 to 0 (about 73% of the parliament's 450 members).[34][35][36][32] Yanukovych claimed this vote was illegal and asked Russia for help.[37] Russia condemned the events as a "coup". Pro-Russian, counter-revolutionary protests erupted in southern and eastern Ukraine. Russia occupied and then annexed Crimea,[38][39] while armed pro-Russian separatists seized government buildings and proclaimed the independent states of Donetsk and Luhansk, sparking the Donbas war.
Parliament restored the 2004 amendments to the Ukrainian constitution.[40] An interim government, led by Arseniy Yatsenyuk, signed the EU association agreement and disbanded the Berkut. Petro Poroshenko became president after winning the 2014 presidential elections. The new government began a removal of civil servants associated with the overthrown regime.[41][42][43] There was also widespread decommunization (or de-Sovietization) of the country.
Ukrainian Crisis | |||||||||
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Part of the post-Soviet conflicts | |||||||||
Clockwise from top left: Ukrainian tanks during the 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive; Russian President Vladimir Putin signs the treaty of accession (annexation) with Crimean leaders in Moscow, 18 March 2014; Sloviansk city council during the war in Donbas; Pro-Russian protesters in Donetsk, 8 March 2014; Russian soldiers during the annexation of Crimea; Protesters during Euromaidan | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Ukraine (after 2014) Supplied by: For countries providing aid to Ukraine since 2022, see foreign aid to Ukraine |
Supported by: BelarusSupplied by: Government of Ukraine (until 2014) | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Ukraine (after 2014)
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Government of Ukraine (until 2014)
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Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Reports vary widely, but tens of thousands at a minimum.[45][46] See Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War for details. |