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Padishah / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني; Dari: احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (احمد شاه ابدالي), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern Afghanistan.[8][9][10] In July 1747, Ahmad Shah was appointed as King of the Afghans by a loya jirga in Kandahar, where he set up his capital.[1] Primarily with the support of the Pashtun tribes,[11] Ahmad Shah pushed east towards the Mughal and Maratha Empires of India, west towards the disintegrating Afsharid Empire of Iran, and north towards the Khanate of Bukhara of Turkestan. Within a few years, he extended his control from Khorasan in the west to North India in the east, and from the Amu Darya in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south.[12][9][13]
Ahmad Shah Durrani احمد شاه دراني احمد شاه درانی | |||||||||
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Padishah Ghazi Shāh Durr-i-Durrān ("King, Pearl of Pearls") | |||||||||
1st Emir of the Durrani Empire | |||||||||
Reign | 1747–1772 | ||||||||
Coronation | July 1747[1] | ||||||||
Predecessor | Position established | ||||||||
Successor | Timur Shah Durrani | ||||||||
Born | Ahmad Khan Abdali 1720–1722[2]: 287 Herat, Sadozai Sultanate of Herat (present-day Afghanistan)[3] or Multan, Mughal Empire (present-day Pakistan)[4][5][6] | ||||||||
Died | (aged 49–52)[2]: 409 Maruf, Kandahar Province, Durrani Empire (present-day Afghanistan) | ||||||||
Burial | June 1772 | ||||||||
Spouse |
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Dynasty | House of Durrani | ||||||||
Father | Mohammad Zaman Khan Abdali | ||||||||
Mother | Zarghona Anaa[7] | ||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
Royal seal |
Soon after accession, Ahmad Shah adopted the epithet Shāh Durr-i-Durrān, "King, Pearl of Pearls", and changed the name of his Abdali tribe to "Durrani" after himself. The Tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani is located in the center of Kandahar, adjacent to Kirka Sharif (Shrine of the Cloak), which contains a cloak believed to have been worn by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Afghans often refer to Ahmad Shah as Ahmad Shāh Bābā, "Ahmad Shah the Father."[8][14][15][16]