User:Natayeen/sandbox
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A preman is any member of an Indonesian organized gang, ranging from the street level criminals to the well-connected crime bosses that can be found in most Indonesian metropolitan areas. They are also often seen negatively and unfavourably by the Indonesian society due to their association with thuggery and violence. This word is essentially rooted in the “confluence of state power and criminality”.[1] However, these contemporary forms of the jago (local gang bosses) are politicized subjects who have existed in Indonesia’s social and political landscape since the Mataram kingdom.[2] Often associated to brigandry and thefts, these actors have played important roles in maintaining the social order.[2] [3] The roles of the jago or jawara were even more important during the Indonesian Revolution as well as subsequent political period such as the New Order as they took up political roles that helped in consolidating the power of the authorities.[2] Despite their importance and key roles in the revolution and the local political scene, this group of people is often relegated to the peripheries of the society due to their violent nature and negative images that continue to be painted about them in the media[media (-ve) 1][media(-ev) 1]
This is the user sandbox of Natayeen. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here. Other sandboxes: Main sandbox | Template sandbox Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Wikipedia? Submit your draft for review! |