User:Mr. Ibrahem/Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a type of heart disease in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of part of the heart muscule without blockage of the arteries to the heart.[1][3] Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and brief loss of consciousness.[3][1] Complications may include heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, and sudden cardiac death.[1]
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy | |
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Other names | Transient apical ballooning syndrome, apical ballooning cardiomyopathy, Gebrochenes-Herz syndrome,[1] acute stress-induced cardiomyopathy, broken-heart syndrome, takotsubo syndrome[2] |
(A) Drawing of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (B) Compared to a normal heart | |
Specialty | Cardiology |
Symptoms | Chest pain, shortness of breath, brief loss of consciousness[3][1] |
Complications | Heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, sudden cardiac death[1] |
Usual onset | Sudden[3] |
Types | Primary (emotional), secondary (physical factors)[1] |
Causes | Significant stress (physical or emotional)[3] |
Diagnostic method | Cardiac catheterization[3] |
Differential diagnosis | Heart attack, coronary artery spasm, myocarditis, esophageal spasm[3][1] |
Treatment | Supportive care[3] |
Frequency | 2 to 7% of heart attacks[4][3] |
Deaths | 4% risk of death[3] |
It usually occurs as a result of significant stress, either physical or emotional.[3] This may include death of a loved one, divorce, public speaking, assault, chemotherapy, pheochromocytoma, and vomiting.[3][4] The mechanism is believed to involve a surge of catecholamines, including adrenaline and norepinephrine, which increases the work of and decreases blood flow to the heart.[5] Diagnosis is based on cardiac catheterization finding unblocked coronary arteries together with ballooning of the left ventricle.[3] ECG findings may be similar to a myocardial infarction (MI).[3] Troponin elevation may occur, though is generally low.[1]
Initial management involves supportive care.[3] There is no evidence that treatment can prevent recurrence.[6] Although the heart generally returns to normal over days to week, about 4% of people die during the initial episode, and there is a 12% risk of recurrence.[3] Cases due to physical illness rather than emotional stress are associated with worse outcomes.[1]
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy occurs worldwide.[6] It occurs more commonly in women after menopause.[6] It is thought to be responsible for about 2 to 7% of what are initially though to be heart attacks.[4][3] It was first described in 1990 by Sato.[3] The name comes from the Japanese word takotsubo meaning "octopus trap", as the heart takes the shape of an octopus trap.[7] It has colloquially been called "broken heart syndrome".[3][2]