User:Mr. Ibrahem/Retinol
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Retinol, also known as vitamin A1, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.[3] As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency, especially that which results in xerophthalmia.[1] In regions where deficiency is common, a single large dose is recommended to those at high risk a couple of times a year.[4] It is also used to reduce the risk of complications in those who have measles.[4] It is used by mouth or injection into a muscle.[1]
Clinical data | |
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AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
License data | |
Routes of administration | By mouth, IM[1] |
Drug class | Vitamin[2] |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C20H30O |
Molar mass | 286.4516 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 62–64 °C (144–147 °F) |
Boiling point | 137–138 °C (279–280 °F) (10−6 mm Hg) |
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Retinol at normal doses is well tolerated.[1] High doses may result in an enlarged liver, dry skin, or hypervitaminosis A.[1][5] High doses during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby.[1] Retinol is in the vitamin A family.[1] It is converted in the body to retinal and retinoic acid through which it acts.[3] Dietary sources include fish, dairy products, and meat.[3]
Retinol was discovered in 1909, isolated in 1931, and first made in 1947.[6][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] Retinol is available as a generic medication and over the counter.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.02–0.30 per 50,000 units.[9] In the United States it is not very expensive.[10]