User:Mr. Ibrahem/Overactive bladder
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by a group of urinary symptoms including a frequent urge to pass urine during the day, at night, or both.[1] It occurs to a degree that negatively affects a person's quality of life.[4][6] More than 40% of people also have involuntary leaking of urine.[1][3] Conversely, about 40% to 70% of urinary incontinence is due to overactive bladder.[7] Overactive bladder is not life-threatening,[2] but most people with the condition have problems for years.[2]
Overactive bladder | |
---|---|
Other names | Overactive bladder syndrome |
Specialty | Urology |
Symptoms | Frequent feeling of needing to urinate[1] |
Complications | Urinary incontinence[1] |
Usual onset | More common with age[2] |
Duration | Often years[2] |
Causes | Unknown[2] |
Risk factors | Obesity, caffeine, constipation[3] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Urinary tract infections, neurological conditions[4][2] |
Treatment | Pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, drinking moderate fluids, weight loss[5] |
Prognosis | Not life-threatening[2] |
Frequency | ~15% men, 25% women[2] |
The cause of overactive bladder is unknown.[2] Risk factors include obesity, caffeine, and constipation.[3] Poorly controlled diabetes, poor functional mobility, and chronic pelvic pain may worsen the symptoms.[2] People often have the symptoms for a long time before seeking treatment and the condition is sometimes identified by caregivers.[2] Diagnosis is based on a person's symptoms and requires other problems such as urinary tract infections or neurological conditions to be excluded.[4][2] The diagnosis may be supported by urodynamics.[8] The amount of urine passed during each urination is relatively small.[2] Pain while urinating suggests that there is a problem other than overactive bladder.[2]
Specific treatment is not always required.[2] If treatment is desired pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, and other behavioral methods are initially recommended.[5] Weight loss in those who are overweight, decreasing caffeine consumption, and drinking moderate fluids, can also have benefits.[5] Medications, typically of the anti-muscarinic type, are only recommended if other measures are not effective.[5] They are no more effective than behavioral methods; however, they are associated with side effects, particularly in older people.[5][9] Some non-invasive electrical stimulation methods appear effective while they are in use.[10] Injections of botulinum toxin into the bladder is another option.[5] Urinary catheters or surgery are generally not recommended.[5] A diary to track problems can help determine whether treatments are working.[5]
Overactive bladder is estimated to occur in 7-27% of men and 9-43% of women.[2] It becomes more common with age.[2] Some studies suggest that the condition is more common in women, especially when associated with loss of bladder control.[2] Economic costs of overactive bladder were estimated in the United States at US$12.6 billion and 4.2 billion Euro in 2000.[11]