User:Mr. Ibrahem/Intestinal atresia
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Intestinal atresia is a birth defect of the intestines that causes bowel obstruction in the newborn.[1] There are three types duodenal (DA), jejunoileal (JIA), and colonic (CA).[1] Symptoms may include vomiting bile, abdominal bloating, and failure to pass meconium.[1] Complications of JIA may include short gut syndrome while complications of DA may include Hirschsprung disease.[1]
Intestinal atresia | |
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Other names | Bowel atresia |
Radiograph with double bubble sign indicating duodenal atresia | |
Specialty | General surgery |
Symptoms | Vomiting bile, abdominal bloating, failure to pass meconium[1] |
Complications | JIA: Short gut syndrome[1] DA: Hirschsprung disease[1] |
Usual onset | Present at birth[1] |
Types | Duodenal, jejunoileal, colonic[1] |
Risk factors | JIA: Gastroschisis, cystic fibrosis[1] DA: Down syndrome[1] |
Diagnostic method | Before birth: Ultrasound[1] After birth: X-ray[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Intestinal malrotation, volvulus, Hirschsprung disease[1] |
Treatment | Nasogastric tube, intravenous fluids, surgery[1] |
Prognosis | 90% survival[2] |
Frequency | 1 in 3,000 newborns[1][3] |
Risk factors for JIA include gastroschisis and cystic fibrosis while risk factors for DA include Down syndrome.[1] Diagnosis may occur by ultrasound before birth and X-ray after birth.[1] Other conditions that may present similarly include intestinal malrotation including volvulus, and Hirschsprung disease.[1]
Initial treatment involves nasogastric tube placement and intravenous fluids.[1] This is than followed by surgery and in JIA parenteral nutrition is often required until intestinal function has improved.[1] Procedurals to lengthen the intestines or small bowel transplant may occasionally be required.[1] The risk of death in DA is about 5% while that in CA is about 25%.[1]
Jejunoileal atresia affects between 1 to 3 in 10,000, while duodenal atresia affects about 1 in 10,000, and colonic atresia affects about 1 in 35,000 newborns.[1][3] The condition is the cause of about a third of cases of bowel obstruction in newborns.[2] It was first described in 1684 by Goeller.[2]