User:Mr. Ibrahem/Immunoglobulin therapy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Immunoglobulin therapy, also known as normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG), is the use of a mixture of antibodies (immunoglobulins) to treat a number of health conditions.[1][2] These conditions include primary immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Kawasaki disease, certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and certain other infections when a more specific immunoglobulin is not available.[1] Depending on the formulation it can be given by injection into muscle, a vein, or under the skin.[1] The effects last a few weeks.[2]
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Trade names | Flebogamma, Gammagard, Hizentra, others |
Other names | normal human immunoglobulin (HNIG), human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) |
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Common side effects include pain at the site of injection, muscle pain, and allergic reactions.[1] Other severe side effects include kidney problems, anaphylaxis, blood clots, and red blood cell breakdown.[1] Use is not recommended in people with some types of IgA deficiency.[1] Use appears to be relatively safe during pregnancy.[1] Human immunoglobulin is made from human blood plasma.[1] It contains antibodies against many viruses.[2]
Human immunoglobulin therapy first occurred in the 1930s and a formulation for injection into a vein was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4] Each formulation of product is somewhat different.[2] In the United Kingdom a dose cost the NHS between 11 and 1,200 pounds depending on the type and amount.[2] A number of specific immunoglobulin formulations are also available including for hepatitis B, rabies, tetanus, varicella infection, and Rh positive blood exposure.[2]