User:Jpech95/taiwan/Taiwan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Taiwan (listenⓘ; 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān), officially the Republic of China, is a sovereign state based on an island in East Asia. Besides the island of Taiwan, the state also governs Penghu, Quemoy, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The capital is Taipei.
Republic of China (Taiwan)[1] | |
---|---|
Anthem: “National Anthem of the Republic of China” 《中華民國國歌》 “National Flag Anthem” 《中華民國國旗歌》 | |
Capital | Taipei[2] 25°02′N 121°38′E |
Largest city | New Taipei |
Official languages | Mandarin[3] |
Recognised regional languages | Taiwanese Hokkien Hakka Chinese Formosan languages[4] |
Official scripts | Traditional Chinese |
Ethnic groups | 98% Ethnic Chinese[5][6] 70% Hoklo |
Demonym(s) | Taiwanese[9][10][11] or Chinese or both |
Government | Presidential republic |
Ma Ying-jeou | |
Vincent Siew | |
• Premier | Wu Den-yih |
Wang Jin-pyng | |
Establishment | |
• Founding of the Republic of China | 1 January 1912 |
25 October 1945 | |
7 December 1949 | |
Area | |
• Total | 36,191 km2 (13,973 sq mi) (136th) |
• Water (%) | 10.34 |
Population | |
• 2011 estimate | 23,174,528[12][b] (49th) |
• Density | 640/km2 (1,657.6/sq mi) (16th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $900,210 billion[13] (19th) |
• Per capita | $39,245[13] (20th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate |
• Total | $489.387 billion[13] (24th) |
• Per capita | $21,832[13] (37th) |
Gini (2008) | 34.1 [14] Error: Invalid Gini value |
HDI (2010) | 0.868*[15][16] Error: Invalid HDI value |
Currency | New Taiwan dollar (NT$) (TWD) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
UTC+8 (not observed) | |
Date format | yyyy-mm-dd yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE+2697) or 民國yy年m月d日 |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +886 |
ISO 3166 code | TW |
Internet TLD | .tw, .台灣,[17] .台湾 |
The Dutch East India Company had a trading post on Taiwan in the 17th century. The Dutch were ousted in 1662 by loyalists to China's Ming dynasty, and the island was later ruled by the Qing dynasty. Taiwan was acquired by Japan in 1895 as a result of the Sino-Japanese War. It was returned to China in 1945 at the end of World War II. The division between Taiwan and the mainland originated in 1949, when the Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, was defeated by the Communists in the Chinese Civil War, fled the mainland, and relocated to Taiwan.
Today, Taiwan is a thriving multi-party democracy that has a presidential system and universal suffrage. It experienced rapid economic growth, industrialization, and democratization during the latter half of the twentieth century. Despite its controversial political status, Taiwan is an industrialized advanced economy. It is one of the Four Asian Tigers and a member of the WTO and APEC. The 19th-largest economy in the world: its advanced technology industry plays a key role in the global economy. It is ranked highly in terms of freedom of the press and health care.