User:HistoryofIran/Khosrow II
King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Khosrow II (also spelled Khosrau, Khusro or Chosroes; Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩, romanized: Husraw), also known as Khosrow Parviz (خسرو پرویز, "Khosrow the Victorious"), was the last great Sasanian King of Kings of Iran, ruling from 590 to 628, with an interruption of one year.
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Khosrow II 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩 | |
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King of Kings of Iranians and non-Iranians[lower-alpha 1] | |
King of the Sasanian Empire | |
1st Reign | 590 |
Predecessor | Hormizd IV |
Successor | Bahram Chobin |
2nd Reign | 591 – 25 February 628 |
Predecessor | Bahram Chobin |
Successor | Kavad II |
Born | c. 570 |
Died | 28 February 628(628-02-28) (aged 57–58) |
Consort | |
Issue |
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House | House of Sasan |
Father | Hormizd IV |
Religion | Zoroastrianism |
He was the son of Hormizd IV (reigned 579–590) and the grandson of Khosrow I (reigned 531–579). Khosrow II was the last king of Iran to have a lengthy reign before the Muslim conquest of Iran, which began five years after his execution. He lost his throne, then recovered it with the help of the Byzantine emperor Maurice, and, a decade later, went on to emulate the feats of the Achaemenids, conquering the rich Roman provinces of the Middle East; much of his reign was spent in wars with the Byzantine Empire and struggling against usurpers such as Bahram Chobin and Vistahm.
After the Byzantines killed Maurice, Khosrow II began a war in 602 against the Byzantines. Khosrow II's forces captured much of the Byzantine Empire's territories, earning the king the epithet "the Victorious". A siege of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 626 was unsuccessful, and Heraclius, now allied with Turks, started a successful risky counterattack deep into Iran's heartland. Supported by the feudal families of the empire, Khosrow II's imprisoned son Sheroe (Kavad II) imprisoned and killed Khosrow II. This led to a civil war and interregnum in the empire and the reversal of all Sasanian gains in the war against the Byzantines.
In works of Persian literature such as the Shahnameh and Khosrow and Shirin, a famous tragic romance by Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209), a highly elaborated fictional version of Khosrow's life made him one of the greatest heroes of the culture, as much as a lover as a king. Khosrow and Shirin tells the story of his love for the Christian princess Shirin, who becomes his queen after a lengthy courtship strewn with mishaps and difficulties.