User:Hcberkowitz/Sandbox-Scientific intelligence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) reveals more than the foreign equipment itself. It is "the product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information that covers:
- a.foreign developments in basic and applied research and in applied engineering techniques;
- b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the research and development
- This article is a subset article in a series under intelligence collection management. For a This discipline covers aspects of intelligence collection management and intelligence analysis management and intelligence analysis under the hierarchical list of articles, see the intelligence cycle management hierarchy.
related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture. [1] It may deal with significant new equipment, but also the new scientific and engineering ideas that make it possible, but the process by which it was developed and produced, the production rate of the country or organization making it, and possibly the economic and other priorities given to the project.
R.V. Jones, who directed World War II British scientific intelligence for both the Air Staff, and later the Secret Intelligence Service, has been called the father of scientific intelligence. Winston Churchill gave credit to Jones and his colleagues in the Battle of Britain.[2]
ā | During the human struggle between the British and the German Air Forces, between pilot and pilot, between AAA batteries and aircraft, between ruthless bombing and fortitude of the British people, another conflict was going on, step by step, month by month. This was a secret war, whose battles were lost or won unknown to the public, and only with difficulty comprehended, even now, to those outside the small scientific circles concerned. Unless British science had proven superior to German, and unless its strange, sinister resources had been brought to bear in the struggle for survival, we might well have been defeated, and defeated, destroyed. | ā |
Jones was the leading World War II British expert on electronic warfare. [3] He was one of the primary analysts of the Oslo Report.
The CIA created the R.V. Jones Intelligence Award in his honor, with Jones himself receiving the first award in 1993. [4] DCI James Woolsey, in presenting the award, said
In the aftermath of three-years' service in the Navy Department, I was appointed to an organization called the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel. I was the far-most junior and least prestigious member of this fine panel, and in a meeting one day in 1980 or 1981, an extremely clever idea was floated combining technical ingenuity and a truly crafty and nefarious twist of mind for dealing with the Soviet submarine threat. Either Albert Woolstetter or Charlie Hertsfeld, who is here today, muttered, "That sounds like an R. V. Jones idea," and I said, "Who is R. V. Jones?" A hush settled over the room. Either Albert or Charlie--I am not sure to this day which one--said, "I thought you were a reasonably well-read young man. You have not read The Wizard War?" I said, "No." He said, "Go read The Wizard War." I said, "All right"; I did.[4]
Technical intelligence, in contrast, deals with specific equipment and its capabilities.
The Farewell Dossier was a covert action against the Soviet Union, based on feeding false information to the Soviet scientific intelligence program.[5]
Given that scientific and technical information is an important part of a nation's competitive position in world markets, S&TI blurs into economic intelligence, which is defined by the U.S. government as "government-sponsored or coordinated intelligence activity designed to unlawfully and covertly obtain classified data and/or sensitive policy or proprietary information from a U.S. Government agency or company, potentially having the effect of enhancing a foreign country's economic competitiveness and damaging U.S. economic security." Porteous identifies two kinds of economic intelligence that are distinct from S&TI: [6]
- trade negotiation intelligence
- macro-economic intelligence