Syrian Civil War |
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Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraqi Civil War and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict | Current military situation: Red: Syrian government, Green: Syrian opposition, Yellow: Rojava (SDF), Grey: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, White: Tahrir al-Sham (formerly known as the al-Nusra Front) For a more detailed map, see Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War. The map above was last updated on 13 May 2017. | Date | 15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present (13 years, 2 months, 1 week and 6 days) |
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Location | |
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Status |
Ongoing |
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Territorial changes |
As of May 2017: the government held 22.03% of Syria (70.6% of the population); ISIL-held territory constituted 32.38% of Syria (5.9% of the population); 22.43% controlled by the SDF (14.2% of the population); 23.16% held by rebel groups (including the al-Nusra front; 9.3% of the population)[1] |
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| Main belligerents |
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| Commanders and leaders |
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Stephen J. Townsend[41] (Commander of CJTF-OIR) | Strength |
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Syrian Armed Forces: 180,000[42]
General Security Directorate: 8,000[43]
National Defense Force: 80,000[44]
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Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[45]
Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000 Russia: 4,000 troops[46] and 1,000 contractors[47]
Iran: 3,000–5,000[45][48]
Other allied groups: 15,500+
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FSA: 40,000–50,000[49]
Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[50]
Other groups: 12,500[51] |
15,000–20,000 (U.S. claim, late 2016)[52] |
SDF: 50,000+[53][54]
- YPG and YPJ: 57,000–60,000[55][56]
(most, not all, part of the SDF)
- Syriac Military Council: 2,000
- Army of Revolutionaries: 3,000
| Casualties and losses |
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Syrian Government:
60,901–95,901 soldiers killed[57][58]
45,290–59,290 militiamen killed[57][58] 4,700 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured[57]
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110,811–146,811 fighters killed[d][57][58]
979 protesters killed[64]
Turkey: 71 soldiers killed (2016–17 ground incursion)[65] |
11,522+ killed (per SOHR)[66] 20,711+ killed (per YPG and SAA)[67][68] |
Rojava: 3,613 killed[69][70]
CJTF–OIR: 3 killed[71][72][73] |
96,073[57]–103,648[74] civilian deaths estimate
Total killed:
321,358–451,358 (March 2017 SOHR estimate)[57]
Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate)
Over 4,800,000 refugees (August 2016 estimate NRC Handelsblad)[75]
a Turkey has provided arms support to the Syrian opposition since 2011. From August 2016 to March 2017, Turkey fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate against the SDF and ISIL but not against the Syrian government.
b From September to November 2016, the United States fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL, but not against the Syrian government or the SDF. [76][77] In April 2017, the United States attacked the Syrian government in response to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack. |
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References
Ranj Alaaldin (16 December 2014). "A Dangerous Rivalry for the Kurds". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2017. Once again, the P.U.K. saw a chance to seize the initiative, by suggesting that it, rather than the Kurdistan regional government or the K.D.P., was providing weapons and supplies to the Syrian Kurdish fighters, who belong to a party that has historically been at odds with the K.D.P.
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