User:Carchasm/sandbox/Hegel
German philosopher (1770–1831) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (/ˈheɪɡəl/;[1][2] German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡl̩];[2][3] 27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher. He is considered one of the most important figures in German idealism and one of the founding figures of modern Western philosophy, with his influence extending to the entire range of contemporary philosophical issues, from epistemology, logic, and metaphysics to aesthetics, philosophy of history, philosophy of religion, philosophy of law, and the history of philosophy.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | |
---|---|
Born | 27 August 1770 |
Died | 14 November 1831(1831-11-14) (aged 61) |
Education |
|
Notable work | |
Era | 19th-century philosophy |
Region | Western philosophy |
School | |
Institutions |
|
Notable students | |
Main interests | |
Notable ideas |
|
Signature | |
Hegel was born in 1770 in Stuttgart, during the height of the Romantic period in Germany, and lived through and was heavily influenced by the French and American revolutions, as well the Napoleonic wars. He attended the Tubinger Stift seminary with Friedrich Holderlin and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, both of whom exerted a strong influence on him philosophically. After receiving his PhD in 1800, he worked as a lecturer at the University of Jena, where he also wrote and published his most famous work, Phenomenology of Spirit. However, after Napoleon defeated the Prussian army in the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in 1806, he had difficulty finding work. He moved to Bamberg, where he worked as a newspaper editor, and then worked as a headmaster in Nuremberg, where he published his second major work, The Science of Logic which brought him fame and a position at the University of Heidelberg. Two years later, Hegel took a position as a professor of philosophy at the University of Berlin, where he lectured on his philosophical system and attracted a large following that cemented his reputation as one of the most famous and influential philosophers of the 19th century.
Hegel's philosophical system is split into three parts: Logic, Nature, and Spirit ('Geist'). In his Phenomenology, he introduces his philosophical system and develops a successive process by which knowledge obtained from sense-perception is refined and moved towards a greater understanding. In his Science of Logic, Philosophy of Right, and Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, he further expands upon the different parts of his system. Many of the ideas in his system are also expanded upon further in posthumously published lecture notes that were compiled by his students on Aesthetics, Religion, History, and the History of Philosophy.
Hegel influenced a wide variety of thinkers and writers. In the decade following his death, two distinct movements formed, the Right Hegelians such as and the Young Hegelians such as David Strauss, Ludwig Feuerbach, Bruno Bauer. Both of these schools of Hegelianism went on to influence a variety of other philosophical movements including Marxism, Existentialism, and British idealism. In the 20th century, Hegel's philosophy has also influenced existentialists such as Martin Heidegger and neo-Hegelians such as Alexandre Kojève. His philosophy continues to exert influence in modern times over contemporary philosophical movements in both the Analytic and Continental traditions.