User:Barbara (WVS)/sandbox/Cholera for translation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae.[1] Some people have no symptoms. Others may have few symptoms severe symptoms, or symptoms that are fatal.[2] The most common symptom is large amounts of diarrhea that lasts a few days.[3] Vomiting and muscle cramps can happen.[2][3] A person may have dark eyes and cold skin. Their skin changes and can be very wrinkled and look blue.[4][5] When a person becomes infected, the sickness can start very quickly and as soon as two hours. Symptoms could also take up to five days to begin.[2]
Government orgainizations try to count the people who have cholera. This helps to find the source of the sickness and correct that.[6][7]
Vaccines given by mouth for cholera are available.[8] Dukoral is one of these.[9]
It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria.[3] Undercooked seafood is a common source.[10] Only people get cholera - not animals. If a person does not drink safe and clean drinking water the person is more likely to get cholera. Cholera can be diagnosed by a stool test by a doctor or nurse.[3]
Preventing cholera is having clean water.[4] There is a cholera vaccine that is taken by m outh. It will protect a person for about six months. Once a person has cholera, they will become healthy by oral rehydration therapy. This is giving of fluids that are with slightly sweet and salty.[3] Rice-based liquids are good.[3][11] In people who are very sick, severe cases, intravenous fluids, may be required. Some and antibiotics may be helpful.
Three to five 3–5 million people get sick with cholera every year. Cholera causes 28,800–130,000 deaths a year.[3][12] Children have cholera more often that adults..[3][13] Cholera can can happen as a temporary disease in an area or it can be chronic in an area. Areas with an ongoing risk of disease include Africa and south-east Asia.
The primary symptoms of cholera are diarrhea and vomiting of clear water.[7] These symptoms usually start quickly.[14] Some people call the diarrhea "rice water" and the diarrhea can smell like fish.[7] A person can produce 10 to 20 litres (3 to 5 US gal) of diarrhea a day.[7] If a person gets no rehydration or medical treatment then a person has a 50% of dying. Cholera has been another name - the "blue death" because a person's skin may turn bluish-gray.[15]
Cholera does not cause fever. If a person has a fever then they have a different infection. People with cholera are tired. A person can have a, dry mouth, cold and wet, or wrinkled hands and feet. A person may not be breathing normally. A person will pass less urine, have muscle cramps and become unconsious.[7]
If a person has AIDS they may have a very severe case of cholera.[16]
One injectable vaccine was found to be effective for two to three years. The protective efficacy was 28% lower in children less than 5 years old.[17] However, as of 2010, it has limited availability.[3] Work is under way to investigate the role of mass vaccination.[18] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immunization of high-risk groups, such as children and people with HIV, in countries where this disease is endemic.[3] If people are immunized broadly, herd immunity results, with a decrease in the amount of contamination in the environment.[19]