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Hakka hill songs (客家山歌; pinyin: Kèjiā shāngē, Hakka: [hak˥ka˦ san˦ kɔ˦]) are probably one of the better known elements of Hakka culture. They are rural songs sung in the Hakka language by the Hakka people.
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The songs vary in theme from love to personal conduct. In the past, they are said to have been used as a method of courting between young men and women.
Hakka hill songs are also used as a form of communication at a distance. Since Hakka people mostly live in hilly areas, song is used as a better means of communication than spoken words. The melody of Hakka Hill Songs tend to have higher pitch so the sound can travel farther.
Hakka Hill Songs can be made up impromptu, to communicate with others or to express oneself. The lyrics can also be made to contain puzzles, as a game or a more competitive nature. The challenger will answer the puzzle in the form of song of similar melody.
The Moiyen (Meixian) county, home to many Hakkas in Guangdong, hold Hakka hill songs competitions inviting Hakka competitors from all over China to participate.
Hakka Hill Songs are traditional Chinese folk songs that reflect Hakka culture.[1]
Hakka Hill Songs are folk songs improvingly created and sung by Hakka people on the field. Hakka people verbally created songs, these songs had been spread, modified, and then handed down to generations in Hakka area. Nowadays, Hakka hill songs are popular in Meizhou area in the Northeastern part of Guangdong province, the western part of Fujian province, the southern part of Jiangxin province and the northern part of Taiwan where Hakka people lives.Hakka Hill Song is regarded as the pearl of Hakka Literature.[1] Hakka hill songs, as a kind of oral literature, has been widespread and orally passed from generation to generation in Hakka area, therefore, it is hard to find out the origin composer. Hakka people love to sing hill songs, they usually express their inner feeling by singing. They also like to sing of their own achievements and of the pure love between young couples. The melody of Hakka hill songs are different from area to area because Hakka people is widely spread in different regions of China, and because the Hakka language they speak is different in many respects. Take Meixian County, a famous Hakka area in Guangdong Province, for example, there has been several unique tunes in this small region, never mention the different tunes in other areas of Guangdong like Xingning, Wuhua, Dapu, Fengshun, Jieyang, Zijin, Heyuan, Huiyang and Hakka areas in north and west of Guangdong. Despite all of the differences between their tunes, Hakka hill songs share a common feature which is that one Hakka hill song can been sung by Hakka people from different regions. There is no rigid rule of singing skills, and the length of the tune totally depends on the singer's own arrangement.[2]