Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)
Temporary government established in the Philippine Islands / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (Spanish: Gobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas) was a revolutionary government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only president.[1] The government succeeded a dictatorial government that had been established by Aguinaldo on June 18[2] and was dissolved and replaced by this government upon its establishment.[3][4] This government endured until January 23, 1899, when the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution established an insurgent Philippine Republic government that replaced it.[5][6]
Revolutionary Government of the Philippines | |||||||||||
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1898–1899 | |||||||||||
Anthem: Marcha Nacional Filipina (English: "Philippine National March") | |||||||||||
Status | Unrecognized state | ||||||||||
Capital | Bacoor (June 1898 – August 1898) Malolos (August 1898 – January 1899) | ||||||||||
Common languages | Spanish, Tagalog | ||||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism, Islam | ||||||||||
Government | Revolutionary republic | ||||||||||
President | |||||||||||
• 1898–1899 | Emilio Aguinaldo | ||||||||||
President of the Cabinet | |||||||||||
• 1899 | Apolinario Mabini | ||||||||||
Legislature | None (rule by decree) (June 23 – September 15, 1898) Malolos Congress (from 1898) | ||||||||||
Historical era | Philippine Revolution | ||||||||||
• Established | June 23, 1898 | ||||||||||
August 13, 1898 | |||||||||||
December 10, 1898 | |||||||||||
January 23, 1899 | |||||||||||
Currency | Philippine peso | ||||||||||
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Four governmental departments were initially created, each having several bureaus: foreign relations, marine, and commerce; war and public works; police, justice, instruction, and hygiene; finance, agriculture, and industry.[7] A revolutionary congress was established with power "[t]o watch over the general interest of the Philippine people, and carrying out of the revolutionary laws; to discuss and vote upon said laws; to discuss and approve, prior to their ratification, treaties and loans; to examine and approve the accounts presented annually by the secretary of finance, as well as extraordinary and other taxes which may hereafter be imposed."[8]
On August 14, 1898, two days after the Battle of Manila of the Spanish–American War and about two months after Aguinaldo's proclamation of this revolutionary government, the United States established a military government in the Philippines, with General Merritt acting as military governor.[9]