Holy See–Palestine relations
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The Holy See and the State of Palestine established formal diplomatic relations in 2015, through the mutual signing of the Comprehensive Agreement between the Holy See and the State of Palestine. In 2017, a Palestinian embassy to the Holy See was opened.[1][2]
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The Holy See had maintained relations with Palestine (which the Vatican calls the Holy Land) since 11 February 1948, when the Holy See created the office of Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine, with jurisdiction over Palestine, Transjordania (now Jordan), and Cyprus.[3] In Vatican usage, an Apostolic Delegate is a representative of the Vatican in a country with which the Holy See has no diplomatic ties, and who is not accredited to the government of the country. The Delegate also acts as a liaison with the Catholic Church in that country.
Archbishop Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, who had been Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine since 1990, was also appointed the first Apostolic Nuncio to Israel after relations were established between Israel and the Holy See in 1994. Since 1994, the Nuncios to Israel have held simultaneous appointments as Nuncio to Cyprus and Apostolic Delegates to Jerusalem and Palestine. The Nunciature to Israel is located in Tel Aviv. Since 3 June 2021, Adolfo Tito Yllana has been Apostolic Nuncio to Israel and Apostolic Delegates to Jerusalem and Palestine.
The Holy See and the PLO entered into a basic agreement in 2000, and in 2015 the Holy See and the Palestinian Authority entered into the Comprehensive Agreement between the Holy See and the State of Palestine to formulate the relationship of the Holy See and the State of Palestine. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Israeli control of most of the West Bank territory are the major focus of these agreements. On 25 January 2017, the Palestinian embassy to the Holy See was opened,[1] and Issa Kassissieh was appointed Ramallah's ambassador to the Holy See.[2]