Gurmukhi
Indic script used to write the Punjabi language / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gurmukhī (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ, Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː], lit. 'from the Guru's mouth'; Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھِی) or Gurumukhī is an Indic script predominantly used in present-day Punjab, India. It is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru Guru Angad (1504–1552). It is commonly regarded as a Sikh script,[2][3][4][5][6][7] used by Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus to write the Punjabi language,[8][1] and is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic,[5][6] while the Arabic-based Shahmukhi script is used in Punjab, Pakistan.
Gurmukhī ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ | |
---|---|
Script type | |
Time period | 16th century CE-present |
Direction | Left-to-right |
Languages | |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | Anandpur Lipi |
Sister systems | Khudabadi, Khojki, Mahajani, Multani |
ISO 15924 | |
ISO 15924 | Guru (310), Gurmukhi |
Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Gurmukhi |
U+0A00–U+0A7F | |
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The primary scripture of Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib, is written in Gurmukhī, in various dialects and languages often subsumed under the generic title Sant Bhasha[9] or saint language, in addition to other languages like Persian and various phases of Indo-Aryan languages.
Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five",[5] plus six additional consonants,[5][10][11] nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.