File:Sunspot_Numbers.png
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Summary
This figure summarizes sunspot number observations. Since c. 1749, continuous monthly averages[dead link] of sunspot activity have been available and are shown here as reported by the Solar Influences Data Analysis Center, World Data Center for the Sunspot Index, at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. These figures are based on an average of measurements from many different observatories around the world. Prior to 1749, sporadic observations of sunspots are available. These were compiled and placed on consistent monthly framework by Hoyt & Schatten (1998a, 1998b).
The most prominent feature of this graph is the c. 11 year solar magnetic cycle which is associated with the natural waxing and waning of solar activity.
On longer time scales, the sun has shown considerable variability, including the long Maunder Minimum when almost no sunspots were observed, the less severe Dalton Minimum, and increased sunspot activity during the last fifty years, known as the Modern Maximum. The causes for these variations are not well understood, but because sunspots and associated faculae affect the brightness of the sun, solar luminosity is lower during periods of low sunspot activity. It is widely believed that the low solar activity during the Maunder Minimum may be among the principal causes of the chilly Little Ice Age, circa 1350-1850 A.D.
Copyright
This figure was prepared by Robert A. Rohde and is part of the Global Warming Art project.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue |
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. | ||
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This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL licensing update.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue |
References
- Hoyt, D. V., and K. H. Schatten (1998a). "Group sunspot numbers: A new solar activity reconstruction. Part 1.". Solar Physics 179: 189-219.
- Hoyt, D. V., and K. H. Schatten (1998b). "Group sunspot numbers: A new solar activity reconstruction. Part 2.". Solar Physics 181: 491-512.
- Stott, Peter A.; Gareth S. Jones and John F. B. Mitchell (15 December 2003). "Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent Climate Change". Journal of Climate 16: 4079-4093.
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File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 13:44, 1 February 2023 | 1,813 × 762 (115 KB) | Dragons flight | Update time series to January 2023 | |
11:37, 24 August 2022 | 1,813 × 762 (115 KB) | Dragons flight | Update time series to present | ||
15:21, 23 November 2015 | 1,020 × 425 (78 KB) | NCdave | I added another decade to the graph (through Oct., 2015). I started with the previous version was uploaded in 2006. Because it was almost a decade old, it lacked Solar Cycle 24. So I started with that version, and pasted a properly-scaled version of h... | ||
15:18, 23 November 2015 | 1,000 × 425 (42 KB) | NCdave | Reverted to version as of 20:16, 20 July 2006 (UTC) | ||
15:15, 23 November 2015 | 1,020 × 425 (78 KB) | NCdave | I added another decade to the graph (through Oct., 2015). I started with the previous version was uploaded in 2006. Because it was almost a decade old, it lacked Solar Cycle 24. So I started with that version, and pasted a properly-scaled version of h... | ||
20:16, 20 July 2006 | 1,000 × 425 (42 KB) | Nils Simon |
File usage
- Dalton Minimum
- Little Ice Age
- Maunder Minimum
- Modern Maximum
- Radiative forcing
- Solar cycle
- Solar cycle 5
- Solar cycle 6
- Solar maximum
- Solar minimum
- Solar observation
- Sunspot
- Talk:Climate change/Archive 23
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- User:Mwolczko/sandbox
- User talk:InedibleHulk
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File change date and time | 13:42, 1 February 2023 |
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