File:South_Shetland_Islands_and_Antarctic_Peninsula.jpg
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Summary
DescriptionSouth Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula.jpg |
English: The inclined equatorial orbit of the International Space Station (ISS) limits astronauts to nadir views of Earth—looking straight down from the spacecraft—between approximately 52 degrees North latitude and 52 degrees South. However, when viewing conditions are ideal, the crew can obtain detailed oblique images—looking outwards at an angle—of features at higher latitudes, such as Greenland or, in this image, Antarctica.
While the bulk of the continent of Antarctica sits over the South Pole, the narrow Antarctic Peninsula extends like a finger towards the tip of South America. The northernmost part of the Peninsula is known as Graham Land, a small portion of which (located at approximately 64 degrees South latitude) is visible at the top left in this astronaut photograph. Off the coast of Graham Land to the north-northwest, two of the South Shetland Islands—Livingston Island and Deception Island—are visible. Both have volcanic origins, and active volcanism at Deception Island has been recorded since 1800. (The last verified eruptive activity occurred in 1970.) Closer to the coastline of Graham Land, Brabant Island (not part of the South Shetlands) also includes numerous outcrops of volcanic rock, attesting to the complex tectonic history of the region. The ISS was located over the South Atlantic Ocean, approximately 1,800 kilometers (1,100 miles) to the northeast when this image was taken. This long viewing distance, combined with the highly oblique angle, accentuates the shadowing of the ground and provides a sense of the topography similar to the view you get from an airplane. It also causes foreshortening of features in the image, making them appear closer to each other than they actually are. For example, the distance between Livingston and Deception Islands is approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles). Astronaut photograph ISS029-E-41836 was acquired on October 4, 2011, with a Nikon D3 digital camera using a 1200 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by the Expedition 29 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. Lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by William L. Stefanov, Jacobs/ESCG at NASA-JSC. The Earth Observatory's mission is to share with the public the images, stories, and discoveries about climate and the environment that emerge from NASA research, including its satellite missions, in-the-field research, and climate models |
Date | |
Source | http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=76583 |
Author | ISS Expedition 29 crew |
Licensing
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
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Annotations InfoField | This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons |
Livingstone Island
Deception Island
Brabant Island
Anvers Island
Liège Island
Hoseason Island
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
4 October 2011
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 20:09, 5 December 2011 | 1,440 × 960 (393 KB) | 4ing |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
---|---|
Camera model | NIKON D3 |
Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 400 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:31, 4 October 2011 |
Lens focal length | 1,200 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 10:02, 2 December 2011 |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:31, 4 October 2011 |
Shutter speed | 9.321928 |
APEX aperture | 6.918863 |
Exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 6 APEX (f/8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 16 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 16 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 16 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 1,200 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 2054926 |
Lens used | 600.0 mm f/4.0 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 05:02, 2 December 2011 |
Unique ID of original document | 3CA01A9EF0829677905FAEA0C48D9181 |