Diaphragm (birth control)
Cervical barrier type of birth control / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The diaphragm is a barrier method of birth control.[3] It is moderately effective, with a one-year failure rate of around 12% with typical use.[4] It is placed over the cervix with spermicide before sex and left in place for at least six hours after sex.[5][6] Fitting by a healthcare provider is generally required.[5]
Diaphragm | |
---|---|
Background | |
Type | Barrier |
First use | 1880s[1] |
Failure rates (first year with spermicide) | |
Perfect use | 6%[2] |
Typical use | 12%[2] |
Usage | |
Reversibility | Immediate |
User reminders | Inserted before sex with spermicide. Left in place for 6–8 hours afterwards |
Clinic review | For size fitting and prescribing in some countries |
Advantages and disadvantages | |
STI protection | Possible |
Periods | Catches menstrual flow |
Benefits | May be reused 1 to 3 years |
Risks | Urinary tract infection, toxic shock syndrome (rare) |
Side effects are usually very few.[6] Use may increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infections.[3] If left in the vagina for more than 24 hours toxic shock syndrome may occur.[6] While use may decrease the risk of sexually transmitted infections, it is not very effective at doing so.[3] There are a number of types of diaphragms with different rim and spring designs.[7] They may be made from latex, silicone, or natural rubber.[7] They work by blocking access to and holding spermicide near the cervix.[7]
The diaphragm came into use around 1882.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8][9]