Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
Conflict between the Bangladeshi government and tribal insurgents / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts refers to a political and armed conflict that occurred in Bangladesh in two phases:
- First phase happened from 1977 to 1997 between the government of Bangladesh and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (United People's Party of the Chittagong Hill Tracts) and its armed wing, the Shanti Bahini, over the issue of autonomy and the land rights of Jumma people, mainly for Chakma people and the other indigenous of Chittagong Hill Tracts. Shanti Bahini launched an insurgency against government forces in 1977, when the country was under military rule, and the conflict continued for twenty years until the government and the PCJSS signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997.[8][9][10][11][12]
- Second phase started in 2017 with the establishment of the secessionist Kuki-Chin National Front under Nathan Bom, which wanted to establish a separate state for the Bawm and other ethnic groups in the Bandarban & Rangamati district, and still ongoing.
Insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts | |||||||
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Shanti Bahini insurgents, photographed on 5 May 1994. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Supported by: Kuki-Chin National Front | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Nathan Bom | |||||||
Units involved | |||||||
Paramilitary Forces:Law Enforcement: |
Kuki-Chin National Army | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
First phrase: 6,000+ combatants killed (partial list)[5] | |||||||
3,500–25,000 civilians Total 30,000 Violent Deaths[6] 400+ conflict-related deaths from disease in Bangladesh (June-Aug 1995 only)[7]7,000+ non-violent deaths among refugees in India (May 14–21, 1990 only)[7] |
The actions then carried out by the Armed Forces and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti groups resulted in casualties on both sides.[13] There were also reports of mass rapes by the paramilitary Bangladesh Ansars, though these have been disputed.[14] According to Amnesty International as of June 2013 the Bangladeshi government made "praiseworthy progress" in implementing the terms of the peace accord and in addressing the Jumma people's concerns over the return of their land. Amnesty estimate that there are currently only 900 internally displaced Jumma families.[15][16]