Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)
Battle during the First Balkan War / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The siege of Adrianople (Bulgarian: oбсада на Одрин, Serbian: oпсада Једрена/opsada Jedrena, Turkish: Edirne kuşatması), was fought during the First Balkan War. The siege began on 3 November 1912 and ended on 26 March 1913 with the capture of Edirne (Adrianople) by the Bulgarian 2nd Army and the Serbian 2nd Army.
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913) | |||||||
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Part of the First Balkan War | |||||||
Siege of Adrianople | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Bulgaria Serbia | Ottoman Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Nikola Ivanov Georgi Vazov Stepa Stepanović |
Abdullah Pasha (POW) Mehmed Şükrü Pasha (POW) | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
106,425 Bulgarians (424 guns);[1] 47,275 Serbs (62 field guns, 34 howitzers)[2] |
60,000[3] - 75,000[1] (Bulgarian claims) 52,597 (340 guns)[4][5] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
: 1,298 killed, 6,655 wounded[1] : 453 killed, 1,917 wounded[6] |
Bulgarian claim: ca. 7,000 killed and wounded Captured: 65,000 soldiers, 15 generals, 2,000 officers, 600 artillery guns, 16 flags[1][7] Turkish claim: 13,000 killed and wounded 42,500 captured[4] |
The loss of Edirne delivered the final decisive blow to the Ottoman army and brought the First Balkan War to an end.[8] A treaty was signed in London on 30 May. The city was reoccupied and retained by the Ottomans during the Second Balkan War.[9]
The victorious end of the siege was considered to be an enormous military success because the city's defenses had been carefully developed by leading German siege experts and called 'undefeatable'. The Bulgarian army, after five months of siege and two bold night attacks, took the Ottoman stronghold.
The victors were under the overall command of Bulgarian General Nikola Ivanov while the commander of the Bulgarian forces on the eastern sector of the fortress was General Georgi Vazov, the brother of the famous Bulgarian writer Ivan Vazov and of General Vladimir Vazov.
The early use of an airplane for bombing took place during the siege; the Bulgarians dropped special hand grenades from one or more airplanes in an effort to cause panic among the Ottoman soldiers. Many young Bulgarian officers and professionals who took part in this decisive battle would later play important roles in Bulgarian politics, culture, commerce and industry.[citation needed]