Instant-runoff voting
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Instant-runoff voting (IRV), also known as alternative vote (AV)[1] or plurality loser,[2] is a ranked-choice voting system that modifies plurality by repeatedly eliminating the last-place finisher until only one candidate is left.[3][4] In the United States, IRV is often mistaken conflated with ranked-choice voting (RCV);[5] however, this conflation is not completely standard,[6] and social choice theorists tend to prefer more explicit terms.[7]
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IRV elections are a virtual (instant) variant on exhaustive elimination. In each round, voters choose a favorite candidate; the last-place finisher is eliminated and another round is held. IRV elections automate this process by having voters rank candidates from first to last in order of preference. Voting can then be completed "instantly" by automatically reassigning each voter's ballot to their alternate (i.e. second) choice. This process continues until every candidate except one has been eliminated, at which point they are declared the winner.
IRV is used in national elections in several countries. In Australia, it is used to elect members of the federal House of Representatives,[8] as well as the lower houses in most states, and in some local government elections. It is used to elect the president of India, the president of Ireland,[9] and the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea,[10] as well as the Academy Award for Best Picture.[11]